Point Cloud Library (PCL)  1.13.1-dev
surface_normal_modality.h
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37 
38 #pragma once
39 
40 #include <pcl/recognition/quantizable_modality.h>
41 #include <pcl/recognition/distance_map.h>
42 
43 #include <pcl/pcl_base.h>
44 #include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
45 #include <pcl/point_types.h>
46 #include <pcl/features/linear_least_squares_normal.h>
47 
48 #include <algorithm>
49 #include <cmath>
50 #include <cstddef>
51 // #include <iostream>
52 #include <limits>
53 #include <list>
54 #include <vector>
55 
56 namespace pcl
57 {
58 
59  /** \brief Map that stores orientations.
60  * \author Stefan Holzer
61  */
63  {
64  public:
65  /** \brief Constructor. */
66  inline LINEMOD_OrientationMap () : width_ (0), height_ (0) {}
67  /** \brief Destructor. */
68  inline ~LINEMOD_OrientationMap () = default;
69 
70  /** \brief Returns the width of the modality data map. */
71  inline std::size_t
72  getWidth () const
73  {
74  return width_;
75  }
76 
77  /** \brief Returns the height of the modality data map. */
78  inline std::size_t
79  getHeight () const
80  {
81  return height_;
82  }
83 
84  /** \brief Resizes the map to the specific width and height and initializes
85  * all new elements with the specified value.
86  * \param[in] width the width of the resized map.
87  * \param[in] height the height of the resized map.
88  * \param[in] value the value all new elements will be initialized with.
89  */
90  inline void
91  resize (const std::size_t width, const std::size_t height, const float value)
92  {
93  width_ = width;
94  height_ = height;
95  map_.clear ();
96  map_.resize (width*height, value);
97  }
98 
99  /** \brief Operator to access elements of the map.
100  * \param[in] col_index the column index of the element to access.
101  * \param[in] row_index the row index of the element to access.
102  */
103  inline float &
104  operator() (const std::size_t col_index, const std::size_t row_index)
105  {
106  return map_[row_index * width_ + col_index];
107  }
108 
109  /** \brief Operator to access elements of the map.
110  * \param[in] col_index the column index of the element to access.
111  * \param[in] row_index the row index of the element to access.
112  */
113  inline const float &
114  operator() (const std::size_t col_index, const std::size_t row_index) const
115  {
116  return map_[row_index * width_ + col_index];
117  }
118 
119  private:
120  /** \brief The width of the map. */
121  std::size_t width_;
122  /** \brief The height of the map. */
123  std::size_t height_;
124  /** \brief Storage for the data of the map. */
125  std::vector<float> map_;
126 
127  };
128 
129  /** \brief Look-up-table for fast surface normal quantization.
130  * \author Stefan Holzer
131  */
133  {
134  /** \brief The range of the LUT in x-direction. */
135  int range_x;
136  /** \brief The range of the LUT in y-direction. */
137  int range_y;
138  /** \brief The range of the LUT in z-direction. */
139  int range_z;
140 
141  /** \brief The offset in x-direction. */
142  int offset_x;
143  /** \brief The offset in y-direction. */
144  int offset_y;
145  /** \brief The offset in z-direction. */
146  int offset_z;
147 
148  /** \brief The size of the LUT in x-direction. */
149  int size_x;
150  /** \brief The size of the LUT in y-direction. */
151  int size_y;
152  /** \brief The size of the LUT in z-direction. */
153  int size_z;
154 
155  /** \brief The LUT data. */
156  unsigned char * lut;
157 
158  /** \brief Constructor. */
160  range_x (-1), range_y (-1), range_z (-1),
161  offset_x (-1), offset_y (-1), offset_z (-1),
162  size_x (-1), size_y (-1), size_z (-1), lut (nullptr)
163  {}
164 
165  /** \brief Destructor. */
167  {
168  delete[] lut;
169  }
170 
171  /** \brief Initializes the LUT.
172  * \param[in] range_x_arg the range of the LUT in x-direction.
173  * \param[in] range_y_arg the range of the LUT in y-direction.
174  * \param[in] range_z_arg the range of the LUT in z-direction.
175  */
176  void
177  initializeLUT (const int range_x_arg, const int range_y_arg, const int range_z_arg)
178  {
179  range_x = range_x_arg;
180  range_y = range_y_arg;
181  range_z = range_z_arg;
182  size_x = range_x_arg+1;
183  size_y = range_y_arg+1;
184  size_z = range_z_arg+1;
185  offset_x = range_x_arg/2;
186  offset_y = range_y_arg/2;
187  offset_z = range_z_arg;
188 
189  //if (lut != NULL) free16(lut);
190  //lut = malloc16(size_x*size_y*size_z);
191 
192  delete[] lut;
193  lut = new unsigned char[size_x*size_y*size_z];
194 
195  constexpr int nr_normals = 8;
196  pcl::PointCloud<PointXYZ>::VectorType ref_normals (nr_normals);
197 
198  constexpr float normal0_angle = 40.0f * 3.14f / 180.0f;
199  ref_normals[0].x = std::cos (normal0_angle);
200  ref_normals[0].y = 0.0f;
201  ref_normals[0].z = -sinf (normal0_angle);
202 
203  constexpr float inv_nr_normals = 1.0f / static_cast<float>(nr_normals);
204  for (int normal_index = 1; normal_index < nr_normals; ++normal_index)
205  {
206  const float angle = 2.0f * static_cast<float> (M_PI * normal_index * inv_nr_normals);
207 
208  ref_normals[normal_index].x = std::cos (angle) * ref_normals[0].x - sinf (angle) * ref_normals[0].y;
209  ref_normals[normal_index].y = sinf (angle) * ref_normals[0].x + std::cos (angle) * ref_normals[0].y;
210  ref_normals[normal_index].z = ref_normals[0].z;
211  }
212 
213  // normalize normals
214  for (int normal_index = 0; normal_index < nr_normals; ++normal_index)
215  {
216  const float length = std::sqrt (ref_normals[normal_index].x * ref_normals[normal_index].x +
217  ref_normals[normal_index].y * ref_normals[normal_index].y +
218  ref_normals[normal_index].z * ref_normals[normal_index].z);
219 
220  const float inv_length = 1.0f / length;
221 
222  ref_normals[normal_index].x *= inv_length;
223  ref_normals[normal_index].y *= inv_length;
224  ref_normals[normal_index].z *= inv_length;
225  }
226 
227  // set LUT
228  for (int z_index = 0; z_index < size_z; ++z_index)
229  {
230  for (int y_index = 0; y_index < size_y; ++y_index)
231  {
232  for (int x_index = 0; x_index < size_x; ++x_index)
233  {
234  PointXYZ normal (static_cast<float> (x_index - range_x/2),
235  static_cast<float> (y_index - range_y/2),
236  static_cast<float> (z_index - range_z));
237  const float length = std::sqrt (normal.x*normal.x + normal.y*normal.y + normal.z*normal.z);
238  const float inv_length = 1.0f / (length + 0.00001f);
239 
240  normal.x *= inv_length;
241  normal.y *= inv_length;
242  normal.z *= inv_length;
243 
244  float max_response = -1.0f;
245  int max_index = -1;
246 
247  for (int normal_index = 0; normal_index < nr_normals; ++normal_index)
248  {
249  const float response = normal.x * ref_normals[normal_index].x +
250  normal.y * ref_normals[normal_index].y +
251  normal.z * ref_normals[normal_index].z;
252 
253  const float abs_response = std::abs (response);
254  if (max_response < abs_response)
255  {
256  max_response = abs_response;
257  max_index = normal_index;
258  }
259 
260  lut[z_index*size_y*size_x + y_index*size_x + x_index] = static_cast<unsigned char> (0x1 << max_index);
261  }
262  }
263  }
264  }
265  }
266 
267  /** \brief Operator to access an element in the LUT.
268  * \param[in] x the x-component of the normal.
269  * \param[in] y the y-component of the normal.
270  * \param[in] z the z-component of the normal.
271  */
272  inline unsigned char
273  operator() (const float x, const float y, const float z) const
274  {
275  const auto x_index = static_cast<std::size_t> (x * static_cast<float> (offset_x) + static_cast<float> (offset_x));
276  const auto y_index = static_cast<std::size_t> (y * static_cast<float> (offset_y) + static_cast<float> (offset_y));
277  const auto z_index = static_cast<std::size_t> (z * static_cast<float> (range_z) + static_cast<float> (range_z));
278 
279  const std::size_t index = z_index*size_y*size_x + y_index*size_x + x_index;
280 
281  return (lut[index]);
282  }
283 
284  /** \brief Operator to access an element in the LUT.
285  * \param[in] index the index of the element.
286  */
287  inline unsigned char
288  operator() (const int index) const
289  {
290  return (lut[index]);
291  }
292  };
293 
294 
295  /** \brief Modality based on surface normals.
296  * \author Stefan Holzer
297  * \ingroup recognition
298  */
299  template <typename PointInT>
300  class SurfaceNormalModality : public QuantizableModality, public PCLBase<PointInT>
301  {
302  protected:
304 
305  /** \brief Candidate for a feature (used in feature extraction methods). */
306  struct Candidate
307  {
308  /** \brief Constructor. */
309  Candidate () : distance (0.0f), bin_index (0), x (0), y (0) {}
310 
311  /** \brief Normal. */
313  /** \brief Distance to the next different quantized value. */
314  float distance;
315 
316  /** \brief Quantized value. */
317  unsigned char bin_index;
318 
319  /** \brief x-position of the feature. */
320  std::size_t x;
321  /** \brief y-position of the feature. */
322  std::size_t y;
323 
324  /** \brief Compares two candidates based on their distance to the next different quantized value.
325  * \param[in] rhs the candidate to compare with.
326  */
327  bool
328  operator< (const Candidate & rhs) const
329  {
330  return (distance > rhs.distance);
331  }
332  };
333 
334  public:
336 
337  /** \brief Constructor. */
339  /** \brief Destructor. */
341 
342  /** \brief Sets the spreading size.
343  * \param[in] spreading_size the spreading size.
344  */
345  inline void
346  setSpreadingSize (const std::size_t spreading_size)
347  {
348  spreading_size_ = spreading_size;
349  }
350 
351  /** \brief Enables/disables the use of extracting a variable number of features.
352  * \param[in] enabled specifies whether extraction of a variable number of features will be enabled/disabled.
353  */
354  inline void
355  setVariableFeatureNr (const bool enabled)
356  {
357  variable_feature_nr_ = enabled;
358  }
359 
360  /** \brief Returns the surface normals. */
363  {
364  return surface_normals_;
365  }
366 
367  /** \brief Returns the surface normals. */
368  inline const pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal> &
370  {
371  return surface_normals_;
372  }
373 
374  /** \brief Returns a reference to the internal quantized map. */
375  inline QuantizedMap &
376  getQuantizedMap () override
377  {
378  return (filtered_quantized_surface_normals_);
379  }
380 
381  /** \brief Returns a reference to the internal spread quantized map. */
382  inline QuantizedMap &
384  {
385  return (spreaded_quantized_surface_normals_);
386  }
387 
388  /** \brief Returns a reference to the orientation map. */
389  inline LINEMOD_OrientationMap &
391  {
392  return (surface_normal_orientations_);
393  }
394 
395  /** \brief Extracts features from this modality within the specified mask.
396  * \param[in] mask defines the areas where features are searched in.
397  * \param[in] nr_features defines the number of features to be extracted
398  * (might be less if not sufficient information is present in the modality).
399  * \param[in] modality_index the index which is stored in the extracted features.
400  * \param[out] features the destination for the extracted features.
401  */
402  void
403  extractFeatures (const MaskMap & mask, std::size_t nr_features, std::size_t modality_index,
404  std::vector<QuantizedMultiModFeature> & features) const override;
405 
406  /** \brief Extracts all possible features from the modality within the specified mask.
407  * \param[in] mask defines the areas where features are searched in.
408  * \param[in] nr_features IGNORED (TODO: remove this parameter).
409  * \param[in] modality_index the index which is stored in the extracted features.
410  * \param[out] features the destination for the extracted features.
411  */
412  void
413  extractAllFeatures (const MaskMap & mask, std::size_t nr_features, std::size_t modality_index,
414  std::vector<QuantizedMultiModFeature> & features) const override;
415 
416  /** \brief Provide a pointer to the input dataset (overwrites the PCLBase::setInputCloud method)
417  * \param[in] cloud the const boost shared pointer to a PointCloud message
418  */
419  void
420  setInputCloud (const typename PointCloudIn::ConstPtr & cloud) override
421  {
422  input_ = cloud;
423  }
424 
425  /** \brief Processes the input data (smoothing, computing gradients, quantizing, filtering, spreading). */
426  virtual void
428 
429  /** \brief Processes the input data assuming that everything up to filtering is already done/available
430  * (so only spreading is performed). */
431  virtual void
433 
434  protected:
435 
436  /** \brief Computes the surface normals from the input cloud. */
437  void
439 
440  /** \brief Computes and quantizes the surface normals. */
441  void
443 
444  /** \brief Computes and quantizes the surface normals. */
445  void
447 
448  /** \brief Quantizes the surface normals. */
449  void
451 
452  /** \brief Filters the quantized surface normals. */
453  void
455 
456  /** \brief Computes a distance map from the supplied input mask.
457  * \param[in] input the mask for which a distance map will be computed.
458  * \param[out] output the destination for the distance map.
459  */
460  void
461  computeDistanceMap (const MaskMap & input, DistanceMap & output) const;
462 
463  private:
464 
465  /** \brief Determines whether variable numbers of features are extracted or not. */
466  bool variable_feature_nr_;
467 
468  /** \brief The feature distance threshold. */
469  float feature_distance_threshold_;
470  /** \brief Minimum distance of a feature to a border. */
471  float min_distance_to_border_;
472 
473  /** \brief Look-up-table for quantizing surface normals. */
474  QuantizedNormalLookUpTable normal_lookup_;
475 
476  /** \brief The spreading size. */
477  std::size_t spreading_size_;
478 
479  /** \brief Point cloud holding the computed surface normals. */
480  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal> surface_normals_;
481  /** \brief Quantized surface normals. */
482  pcl::QuantizedMap quantized_surface_normals_;
483  /** \brief Filtered quantized surface normals. */
484  pcl::QuantizedMap filtered_quantized_surface_normals_;
485  /** \brief Spread quantized surface normals. */
486  pcl::QuantizedMap spreaded_quantized_surface_normals_;
487 
488  /** \brief Map containing surface normal orientations. */
489  pcl::LINEMOD_OrientationMap surface_normal_orientations_;
490 
491  };
492 
493 }
494 
495 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
496 template <typename PointInT>
499  : variable_feature_nr_ (false)
500  , feature_distance_threshold_ (2.0f)
501  , min_distance_to_border_ (2.0f)
502  , spreading_size_ (8)
503 {
504 }
505 
506 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
507 template <typename PointInT>
509 
510 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
511 template <typename PointInT> void
513 {
514  // compute surface normals
515  //computeSurfaceNormals ();
516 
517  // quantize surface normals
518  //quantizeSurfaceNormals ();
519 
520  computeAndQuantizeSurfaceNormals2 ();
521 
522  // filter quantized surface normals
523  filterQuantizedSurfaceNormals ();
524 
525  // spread quantized surface normals
526  pcl::QuantizedMap::spreadQuantizedMap (filtered_quantized_surface_normals_,
527  spreaded_quantized_surface_normals_,
528  spreading_size_);
529 }
530 
531 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
532 template <typename PointInT> void
534 {
535  // spread quantized surface normals
536  pcl::QuantizedMap::spreadQuantizedMap (filtered_quantized_surface_normals_,
537  spreaded_quantized_surface_normals_,
538  spreading_size_);
539 }
540 
541 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
542 template <typename PointInT> void
544 {
545  // compute surface normals
547  ne.setMaxDepthChangeFactor(0.05f);
548  ne.setNormalSmoothingSize(5.0f);
549  ne.setDepthDependentSmoothing(false);
550  ne.setInputCloud (input_);
551  ne.compute (surface_normals_);
552 }
553 
554 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
555 template <typename PointInT> void
557 {
558  // compute surface normals
559  //pcl::LinearLeastSquaresNormalEstimation<PointInT, pcl::Normal> ne;
560  //ne.setMaxDepthChangeFactor(0.05f);
561  //ne.setNormalSmoothingSize(5.0f);
562  //ne.setDepthDependentSmoothing(false);
563  //ne.setInputCloud (input_);
564  //ne.compute (surface_normals_);
565 
566 
567  const float bad_point = std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN ();
568 
569  const int width = input_->width;
570  const int height = input_->height;
571 
572  surface_normals_.resize (width*height);
573  surface_normals_.width = width;
574  surface_normals_.height = height;
575  surface_normals_.is_dense = false;
576 
577  quantized_surface_normals_.resize (width, height);
578 
579  // we compute the normals as follows:
580  // ----------------------------------
581  //
582  // for the depth-gradient you can make the following first-order Taylor approximation:
583  // D(x + dx) - D(x) = dx^T \Delta D + h.o.t.
584  //
585  // build linear system by stacking up equation for 8 neighbor points:
586  // Y = X \Delta D
587  //
588  // => \Delta D = (X^T X)^{-1} X^T Y
589  // => \Delta D = (A)^{-1} b
590 
591  for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y)
592  {
593  for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
594  {
595  const int index = y * width + x;
596 
597  const float px = (*input_)[index].x;
598  const float py = (*input_)[index].y;
599  const float pz = (*input_)[index].z;
600 
601  if (std::isnan(px) || pz > 2.0f)
602  {
603  surface_normals_[index].normal_x = bad_point;
604  surface_normals_[index].normal_y = bad_point;
605  surface_normals_[index].normal_z = bad_point;
606  surface_normals_[index].curvature = bad_point;
607 
608  quantized_surface_normals_ (x, y) = 0;
609 
610  continue;
611  }
612 
613  const int smoothingSizeInt = 5;
614 
615  float matA0 = 0.0f;
616  float matA1 = 0.0f;
617  float matA3 = 0.0f;
618 
619  float vecb0 = 0.0f;
620  float vecb1 = 0.0f;
621 
622  for (int v = y - smoothingSizeInt; v <= y + smoothingSizeInt; v += smoothingSizeInt)
623  {
624  for (int u = x - smoothingSizeInt; u <= x + smoothingSizeInt; u += smoothingSizeInt)
625  {
626  if (u < 0 || u >= width || v < 0 || v >= height) continue;
627 
628  const std::size_t index2 = v * width + u;
629 
630  const float qx = (*input_)[index2].x;
631  const float qy = (*input_)[index2].y;
632  const float qz = (*input_)[index2].z;
633 
634  if (std::isnan(qx)) continue;
635 
636  const float delta = qz - pz;
637  const float i = qx - px;
638  const float j = qy - py;
639 
640  const float f = std::abs(delta) < 0.05f ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
641 
642  matA0 += f * i * i;
643  matA1 += f * i * j;
644  matA3 += f * j * j;
645  vecb0 += f * i * delta;
646  vecb1 += f * j * delta;
647  }
648  }
649 
650  const float det = matA0 * matA3 - matA1 * matA1;
651  const float ddx = matA3 * vecb0 - matA1 * vecb1;
652  const float ddy = -matA1 * vecb0 + matA0 * vecb1;
653 
654  const float nx = ddx;
655  const float ny = ddy;
656  const float nz = -det * pz;
657 
658  const float length = nx * nx + ny * ny + nz * nz;
659 
660  if (length <= 0.0f)
661  {
662  surface_normals_[index].normal_x = bad_point;
663  surface_normals_[index].normal_y = bad_point;
664  surface_normals_[index].normal_z = bad_point;
665  surface_normals_[index].curvature = bad_point;
666 
667  quantized_surface_normals_ (x, y) = 0;
668  }
669  else
670  {
671  const float normInv = 1.0f / std::sqrt (length);
672 
673  const float normal_x = nx * normInv;
674  const float normal_y = ny * normInv;
675  const float normal_z = nz * normInv;
676 
677  surface_normals_[index].normal_x = normal_x;
678  surface_normals_[index].normal_y = normal_y;
679  surface_normals_[index].normal_z = normal_z;
680  surface_normals_[index].curvature = bad_point;
681 
682  float angle = 11.25f + std::atan2 (normal_y, normal_x)*180.0f/3.14f;
683 
684  if (angle < 0.0f) angle += 360.0f;
685  if (angle >= 360.0f) angle -= 360.0f;
686 
687  int bin_index = static_cast<int> (angle*8.0f/360.0f + 1);
688  bin_index = (bin_index < 1) ? 1 : (8 < bin_index) ? 8 : bin_index;
689 
690  quantized_surface_normals_ (x, y) = static_cast<unsigned char> (bin_index);
691  }
692  }
693  }
694 }
695 
696 
697 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
698 // Contains GRANULARITY and NORMAL_LUT
699 //#include "normal_lut.i"
700 
701 static void accumBilateral(long delta, long i, long j, long * A, long * b, int threshold)
702 {
703  long f = std::abs(delta) < threshold ? 1 : 0;
704 
705  const long fi = f * i;
706  const long fj = f * j;
707 
708  A[0] += fi * i;
709  A[1] += fi * j;
710  A[3] += fj * j;
711  b[0] += fi * delta;
712  b[1] += fj * delta;
713 }
714 
715 /**
716  * \brief Compute quantized normal image from depth image.
717  *
718  * Implements section 2.6 "Extension to Dense Depth Sensors."
719  *
720  * \todo Should also need camera model, or at least focal lengths? Replace distance_threshold with mask?
721  */
722 template <typename PointInT> void
724 {
725  const int width = input_->width;
726  const int height = input_->height;
727 
728  auto * lp_depth = new unsigned short[width*height]{};
729  auto * lp_normals = new unsigned char[width*height]{};
730 
731  surface_normal_orientations_.resize (width, height, 0.0f);
732 
733  for (int row_index = 0; row_index < height; ++row_index)
734  {
735  for (int col_index = 0; col_index < width; ++col_index)
736  {
737  const float value = (*input_)[row_index*width + col_index].z;
738  if (std::isfinite (value))
739  {
740  lp_depth[row_index*width + col_index] = static_cast<unsigned short> (value * 1000.0f);
741  }
742  else
743  {
744  lp_depth[row_index*width + col_index] = 0;
745  }
746  }
747  }
748 
749  const int l_W = width;
750  const int l_H = height;
751 
752  constexpr int l_r = 5; // used to be 7
753  //const int l_offset0 = -l_r - l_r * l_W;
754  //const int l_offset1 = 0 - l_r * l_W;
755  //const int l_offset2 = +l_r - l_r * l_W;
756  //const int l_offset3 = -l_r;
757  //const int l_offset4 = +l_r;
758  //const int l_offset5 = -l_r + l_r * l_W;
759  //const int l_offset6 = 0 + l_r * l_W;
760  //const int l_offset7 = +l_r + l_r * l_W;
761 
762  const int offsets_i[] = {-l_r, 0, l_r, -l_r, l_r, -l_r, 0, l_r};
763  const int offsets_j[] = {-l_r, -l_r, -l_r, 0, 0, l_r, l_r, l_r};
764  const int offsets[] = { offsets_i[0] + offsets_j[0] * l_W
765  , offsets_i[1] + offsets_j[1] * l_W
766  , offsets_i[2] + offsets_j[2] * l_W
767  , offsets_i[3] + offsets_j[3] * l_W
768  , offsets_i[4] + offsets_j[4] * l_W
769  , offsets_i[5] + offsets_j[5] * l_W
770  , offsets_i[6] + offsets_j[6] * l_W
771  , offsets_i[7] + offsets_j[7] * l_W };
772 
773 
774  //const int l_offsetx = GRANULARITY / 2;
775  //const int l_offsety = GRANULARITY / 2;
776 
777  constexpr int difference_threshold = 50;
778  constexpr int distance_threshold = 2000;
779 
780  //const double scale = 1000.0;
781  //const double difference_threshold = 0.05 * scale;
782  //const double distance_threshold = 2.0 * scale;
783 
784  for (int l_y = l_r; l_y < l_H - l_r - 1; ++l_y)
785  {
786  unsigned short * lp_line = lp_depth + (l_y * l_W + l_r);
787  unsigned char * lp_norm = lp_normals + (l_y * l_W + l_r);
788 
789  for (int l_x = l_r; l_x < l_W - l_r - 1; ++l_x)
790  {
791  long l_d = lp_line[0];
792  //float l_d = (*input_)[(l_y * l_W + l_r) + l_x].z;
793  //float px = (*input_)[(l_y * l_W + l_r) + l_x].x;
794  //float py = (*input_)[(l_y * l_W + l_r) + l_x].y;
795 
796  if (l_d < distance_threshold)
797  {
798  // accum
799  long l_A[4]; l_A[0] = l_A[1] = l_A[2] = l_A[3] = 0;
800  long l_b[2]; l_b[0] = l_b[1] = 0;
801  //double l_A[4]; l_A[0] = l_A[1] = l_A[2] = l_A[3] = 0;
802  //double l_b[2]; l_b[0] = l_b[1] = 0;
803 
804  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[0]] - l_d, offsets_i[0], offsets_j[0], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
805  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[1]] - l_d, offsets_i[1], offsets_j[1], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
806  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[2]] - l_d, offsets_i[2], offsets_j[2], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
807  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[3]] - l_d, offsets_i[3], offsets_j[3], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
808  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[4]] - l_d, offsets_i[4], offsets_j[4], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
809  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[5]] - l_d, offsets_i[5], offsets_j[5], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
810  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[6]] - l_d, offsets_i[6], offsets_j[6], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
811  accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[7]] - l_d, offsets_i[7], offsets_j[7], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
812 
813  //for (std::size_t index = 0; index < 8; ++index)
814  //{
815  // //accumBilateral(lp_line[offsets[index]] - l_d, offsets_i[index], offsets_j[index], l_A, l_b, difference_threshold);
816 
817  // //const long delta = lp_line[offsets[index]] - l_d;
818  // //const long i = offsets_i[index];
819  // //const long j = offsets_j[index];
820  // //long * A = l_A;
821  // //long * b = l_b;
822  // //const int threshold = difference_threshold;
823 
824  // //const long f = std::abs(delta) < threshold ? 1 : 0;
825 
826  // //const long fi = f * i;
827  // //const long fj = f * j;
828 
829  // //A[0] += fi * i;
830  // //A[1] += fi * j;
831  // //A[3] += fj * j;
832  // //b[0] += fi * delta;
833  // //b[1] += fj * delta;
834 
835 
836  // const double delta = 1000.0f * ((*input_)[(l_y * l_W + l_r) + l_x + offsets[index]].z - l_d);
837  // const double i = offsets_i[index];
838  // const double j = offsets_j[index];
839  // //const float i = (*input_)[(l_y * l_W + l_r) + l_x + offsets[index]].x - px;//offsets_i[index];
840  // //const float j = (*input_)[(l_y * l_W + l_r) + l_x + offsets[index]].y - py;//offsets_j[index];
841  // double * A = l_A;
842  // double * b = l_b;
843  // const double threshold = difference_threshold;
844 
845  // const double f = std::fabs(delta) < threshold ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
846 
847  // const double fi = f * i;
848  // const double fj = f * j;
849 
850  // A[0] += fi * i;
851  // A[1] += fi * j;
852  // A[3] += fj * j;
853  // b[0] += fi * delta;
854  // b[1] += fj * delta;
855  //}
856 
857  //long f = std::abs(delta) < threshold ? 1 : 0;
858 
859  //const long fi = f * i;
860  //const long fj = f * j;
861 
862  //A[0] += fi * i;
863  //A[1] += fi * j;
864  //A[3] += fj * j;
865  //b[0] += fi * delta;
866  //b[1] += fj * delta;
867 
868 
869  // solve
870  long l_det = l_A[0] * l_A[3] - l_A[1] * l_A[1];
871  long l_ddx = l_A[3] * l_b[0] - l_A[1] * l_b[1];
872  long l_ddy = -l_A[1] * l_b[0] + l_A[0] * l_b[1];
873 
874  /// @todo Magic number 1150 is focal length? This is something like
875  /// f in SXGA mode, but in VGA is more like 530.
876  float l_nx = static_cast<float>(1150 * l_ddx);
877  float l_ny = static_cast<float>(1150 * l_ddy);
878  float l_nz = static_cast<float>(-l_det * l_d);
879 
880  //// solve
881  //double l_det = l_A[0] * l_A[3] - l_A[1] * l_A[1];
882  //double l_ddx = l_A[3] * l_b[0] - l_A[1] * l_b[1];
883  //double l_ddy = -l_A[1] * l_b[0] + l_A[0] * l_b[1];
884 
885  ///// @todo Magic number 1150 is focal length? This is something like
886  ///// f in SXGA mode, but in VGA is more like 530.
887  //const double dummy_focal_length = 1150.0f;
888  //double l_nx = l_ddx * dummy_focal_length;
889  //double l_ny = l_ddy * dummy_focal_length;
890  //double l_nz = -l_det * l_d;
891 
892  float l_sqrt = std::sqrt (l_nx * l_nx + l_ny * l_ny + l_nz * l_nz);
893 
894  if (l_sqrt > 0)
895  {
896  float l_norminv = 1.0f / (l_sqrt);
897 
898  l_nx *= l_norminv;
899  l_ny *= l_norminv;
900  l_nz *= l_norminv;
901 
902  float angle = 11.25f + std::atan2 (l_ny, l_nx) * 180.0f / 3.14f;
903 
904  if (angle < 0.0f) angle += 360.0f;
905  if (angle >= 360.0f) angle -= 360.0f;
906 
907  int bin_index = static_cast<int> (angle*8.0f/360.0f);
908 
909  surface_normal_orientations_ (l_x, l_y) = angle;
910 
911  //*lp_norm = std::abs(l_nz)*255;
912 
913  //int l_val1 = static_cast<int>(l_nx * l_offsetx + l_offsetx);
914  //int l_val2 = static_cast<int>(l_ny * l_offsety + l_offsety);
915  //int l_val3 = static_cast<int>(l_nz * GRANULARITY + GRANULARITY);
916 
917  //*lp_norm = NORMAL_LUT[l_val3][l_val2][l_val1];
918  *lp_norm = static_cast<unsigned char> (0x1 << bin_index);
919  }
920  else
921  {
922  *lp_norm = 0; // Discard shadows from depth sensor
923  }
924  }
925  else
926  {
927  *lp_norm = 0; //out of depth
928  }
929  ++lp_line;
930  ++lp_norm;
931  }
932  }
933  /*cvSmooth(m_dep[0], m_dep[0], CV_MEDIAN, 5, 5);*/
934 
935  unsigned char map[255]{};
936 
937  map[0x1<<0] = 1;
938  map[0x1<<1] = 2;
939  map[0x1<<2] = 3;
940  map[0x1<<3] = 4;
941  map[0x1<<4] = 5;
942  map[0x1<<5] = 6;
943  map[0x1<<6] = 7;
944  map[0x1<<7] = 8;
945 
946  quantized_surface_normals_.resize (width, height);
947  for (int row_index = 0; row_index < height; ++row_index)
948  {
949  for (int col_index = 0; col_index < width; ++col_index)
950  {
951  quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) = map[lp_normals[row_index*width + col_index]];
952  }
953  }
954 
955  delete[] lp_depth;
956  delete[] lp_normals;
957 }
958 
959 
960 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
961 template <typename PointInT> void
963  const std::size_t nr_features,
964  const std::size_t modality_index,
965  std::vector<QuantizedMultiModFeature> & features) const
966 {
967  const std::size_t width = mask.getWidth ();
968  const std::size_t height = mask.getHeight ();
969 
970  //cv::Mat maskImage(height, width, CV_8U, mask.mask);
971  //cv::erode(maskImage, maskImage
972 
973  // create distance maps for every quantization value
974  //cv::Mat distance_maps[8];
975  //for (int map_index = 0; map_index < 8; ++map_index)
976  //{
977  // distance_maps[map_index] = ::cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8U);
978  //}
979 
980  MaskMap mask_maps[8];
981  for (auto &mask_map : mask_maps)
982  mask_map.resize (width, height);
983 
984  unsigned char map[255]{};
985 
986  map[0x1<<0] = 0;
987  map[0x1<<1] = 1;
988  map[0x1<<2] = 2;
989  map[0x1<<3] = 3;
990  map[0x1<<4] = 4;
991  map[0x1<<5] = 5;
992  map[0x1<<6] = 6;
993  map[0x1<<7] = 7;
994 
995  QuantizedMap distance_map_indices (width, height);
996  //memset (distance_map_indices.data, 0, sizeof (distance_map_indices.data[0])*width*height);
997 
998  for (std::size_t row_index = 0; row_index < height; ++row_index)
999  {
1000  for (std::size_t col_index = 0; col_index < width; ++col_index)
1001  {
1002  if (mask (col_index, row_index) != 0)
1003  {
1004  //const unsigned char quantized_value = quantized_surface_normals_ (row_index, col_index);
1005  const unsigned char quantized_value = filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index);
1006 
1007  if (quantized_value == 0)
1008  continue;
1009  const int dist_map_index = map[quantized_value];
1010 
1011  distance_map_indices (col_index, row_index) = static_cast<unsigned char> (dist_map_index);
1012  //distance_maps[dist_map_index].at<unsigned char>(row_index, col_index) = 255;
1013  mask_maps[dist_map_index] (col_index, row_index) = 255;
1014  }
1015  }
1016  }
1017 
1018  DistanceMap distance_maps[8];
1019  for (int map_index = 0; map_index < 8; ++map_index)
1020  computeDistanceMap (mask_maps[map_index], distance_maps[map_index]);
1021 
1022  DistanceMap mask_distance_maps;
1023  computeDistanceMap (mask, mask_distance_maps);
1024 
1025  std::list<Candidate> list1;
1026  std::list<Candidate> list2;
1027 
1028  float weights[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
1029 
1030  constexpr std::size_t off = 4;
1031  for (std::size_t row_index = off; row_index < height-off; ++row_index)
1032  {
1033  for (std::size_t col_index = off; col_index < width-off; ++col_index)
1034  {
1035  if (mask (col_index, row_index) != 0)
1036  {
1037  //const unsigned char quantized_value = quantized_surface_normals_ (row_index, col_index);
1038  const unsigned char quantized_value = filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index);
1039 
1040  //const float nx = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_x;
1041  //const float ny = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_y;
1042  //const float nz = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_z;
1043 
1044  if (quantized_value != 0)// && !(std::isnan (nx) || std::isnan (ny) || std::isnan (nz)))
1045  {
1046  const int distance_map_index = map[quantized_value];
1047 
1048  //const float distance = distance_maps[distance_map_index].at<float> (row_index, col_index);
1049  const float distance = distance_maps[distance_map_index] (col_index, row_index);
1050  const float distance_to_border = mask_distance_maps (col_index, row_index);
1051 
1052  if (distance >= feature_distance_threshold_ && distance_to_border >= min_distance_to_border_)
1053  {
1054  Candidate candidate;
1055 
1056  candidate.distance = distance;
1057  candidate.x = col_index;
1058  candidate.y = row_index;
1059  candidate.bin_index = static_cast<unsigned char> (distance_map_index);
1060 
1061  list1.push_back (candidate);
1062 
1063  ++weights[distance_map_index];
1064  }
1065  }
1066  }
1067  }
1068  }
1069 
1070  for (auto iter = list1.begin (); iter != list1.end (); ++iter)
1071  iter->distance *= 1.0f / weights[iter->bin_index];
1072 
1073  list1.sort ();
1074 
1075  if (variable_feature_nr_)
1076  {
1077  int distance = static_cast<int> (list1.size ());
1078  bool feature_selection_finished = false;
1079  while (!feature_selection_finished)
1080  {
1081  const int sqr_distance = distance*distance;
1082  for (auto iter1 = list1.begin (); iter1 != list1.end (); ++iter1)
1083  {
1084  bool candidate_accepted = true;
1085  for (auto iter2 = list2.begin (); iter2 != list2.end (); ++iter2)
1086  {
1087  const int dx = static_cast<int> (iter1->x) - static_cast<int> (iter2->x);
1088  const int dy = static_cast<int> (iter1->y) - static_cast<int> (iter2->y);
1089  const int tmp_distance = dx*dx + dy*dy;
1090 
1091  if (tmp_distance < sqr_distance)
1092  {
1093  candidate_accepted = false;
1094  break;
1095  }
1096  }
1097 
1098 
1099  float min_min_sqr_distance = std::numeric_limits<float>::max ();
1100  float max_min_sqr_distance = 0;
1101  for (auto iter2 = list2.begin (); iter2 != list2.end (); ++iter2)
1102  {
1103  float min_sqr_distance = std::numeric_limits<float>::max ();
1104  for (auto iter3 = list2.begin (); iter3 != list2.end (); ++iter3)
1105  {
1106  if (iter2 == iter3)
1107  continue;
1108 
1109  const float dx = static_cast<float> (iter2->x) - static_cast<float> (iter3->x);
1110  const float dy = static_cast<float> (iter2->y) - static_cast<float> (iter3->y);
1111 
1112  const float sqr_distance = dx*dx + dy*dy;
1113 
1114  if (sqr_distance < min_sqr_distance)
1115  {
1116  min_sqr_distance = sqr_distance;
1117  }
1118 
1119  //std::cerr << min_sqr_distance;
1120  }
1121  //std::cerr << std::endl;
1122 
1123  // check current feature
1124  {
1125  const float dx = static_cast<float> (iter2->x) - static_cast<float> (iter1->x);
1126  const float dy = static_cast<float> (iter2->y) - static_cast<float> (iter1->y);
1127 
1128  const float sqr_distance = dx*dx + dy*dy;
1129 
1130  if (sqr_distance < min_sqr_distance)
1131  {
1132  min_sqr_distance = sqr_distance;
1133  }
1134  }
1135 
1136  if (min_sqr_distance < min_min_sqr_distance)
1137  min_min_sqr_distance = min_sqr_distance;
1138  if (min_sqr_distance > max_min_sqr_distance)
1139  max_min_sqr_distance = min_sqr_distance;
1140 
1141  //std::cerr << min_sqr_distance << ", " << min_min_sqr_distance << ", " << max_min_sqr_distance << std::endl;
1142  }
1143 
1144  if (candidate_accepted)
1145  {
1146  //std::cerr << "feature_index: " << list2.size () << std::endl;
1147  //std::cerr << "min_min_sqr_distance: " << min_min_sqr_distance << std::endl;
1148  //std::cerr << "max_min_sqr_distance: " << max_min_sqr_distance << std::endl;
1149 
1150  if (min_min_sqr_distance < 50)
1151  {
1152  feature_selection_finished = true;
1153  break;
1154  }
1155 
1156  list2.push_back (*iter1);
1157  }
1158 
1159  //if (list2.size () == nr_features)
1160  //{
1161  // feature_selection_finished = true;
1162  // break;
1163  //}
1164  }
1165  --distance;
1166  }
1167  }
1168  else
1169  {
1170  if (list1.size () <= nr_features)
1171  {
1172  features.reserve (list1.size ());
1173  for (auto iter = list1.begin (); iter != list1.end (); ++iter)
1174  {
1175  QuantizedMultiModFeature feature;
1176 
1177  feature.x = static_cast<int> (iter->x);
1178  feature.y = static_cast<int> (iter->y);
1179  feature.modality_index = modality_index;
1180  feature.quantized_value = filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (iter->x, iter->y);
1181 
1182  features.push_back (feature);
1183  }
1184 
1185  return;
1186  }
1187 
1188  int distance = static_cast<int> (list1.size () / nr_features + 1); // ??? @todo:!:!:!:!:!:!
1189  while (list2.size () != nr_features)
1190  {
1191  const int sqr_distance = distance*distance;
1192  for (auto iter1 = list1.begin (); iter1 != list1.end (); ++iter1)
1193  {
1194  bool candidate_accepted = true;
1195 
1196  for (auto iter2 = list2.begin (); iter2 != list2.end (); ++iter2)
1197  {
1198  const int dx = static_cast<int> (iter1->x) - static_cast<int> (iter2->x);
1199  const int dy = static_cast<int> (iter1->y) - static_cast<int> (iter2->y);
1200  const int tmp_distance = dx*dx + dy*dy;
1201 
1202  if (tmp_distance < sqr_distance)
1203  {
1204  candidate_accepted = false;
1205  break;
1206  }
1207  }
1208 
1209  if (candidate_accepted)
1210  list2.push_back (*iter1);
1211 
1212  if (list2.size () == nr_features) break;
1213  }
1214  --distance;
1215  }
1216  }
1217 
1218  for (auto iter2 = list2.begin (); iter2 != list2.end (); ++iter2)
1219  {
1220  QuantizedMultiModFeature feature;
1221 
1222  feature.x = static_cast<int> (iter2->x);
1223  feature.y = static_cast<int> (iter2->y);
1224  feature.modality_index = modality_index;
1225  feature.quantized_value = filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (iter2->x, iter2->y);
1226 
1227  features.push_back (feature);
1228  }
1229 }
1230 
1231 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1232 template <typename PointInT> void
1234  const MaskMap & mask, const std::size_t, const std::size_t modality_index,
1235  std::vector<QuantizedMultiModFeature> & features) const
1236 {
1237  const std::size_t width = mask.getWidth ();
1238  const std::size_t height = mask.getHeight ();
1239 
1240  //cv::Mat maskImage(height, width, CV_8U, mask.mask);
1241  //cv::erode(maskImage, maskImage
1242 
1243  // create distance maps for every quantization value
1244  //cv::Mat distance_maps[8];
1245  //for (int map_index = 0; map_index < 8; ++map_index)
1246  //{
1247  // distance_maps[map_index] = ::cv::Mat::zeros(height, width, CV_8U);
1248  //}
1249 
1250  MaskMap mask_maps[8];
1251  for (auto &mask_map : mask_maps)
1252  mask_map.resize (width, height);
1253 
1254  unsigned char map[255]{};
1255 
1256  map[0x1<<0] = 0;
1257  map[0x1<<1] = 1;
1258  map[0x1<<2] = 2;
1259  map[0x1<<3] = 3;
1260  map[0x1<<4] = 4;
1261  map[0x1<<5] = 5;
1262  map[0x1<<6] = 6;
1263  map[0x1<<7] = 7;
1264 
1265  QuantizedMap distance_map_indices (width, height);
1266  //memset (distance_map_indices.data, 0, sizeof (distance_map_indices.data[0])*width*height);
1267 
1268  for (std::size_t row_index = 0; row_index < height; ++row_index)
1269  {
1270  for (std::size_t col_index = 0; col_index < width; ++col_index)
1271  {
1272  if (mask (col_index, row_index) != 0)
1273  {
1274  //const unsigned char quantized_value = quantized_surface_normals_ (row_index, col_index);
1275  const unsigned char quantized_value = filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index);
1276 
1277  if (quantized_value == 0)
1278  continue;
1279  const int dist_map_index = map[quantized_value];
1280 
1281  distance_map_indices (col_index, row_index) = static_cast<unsigned char> (dist_map_index);
1282  //distance_maps[dist_map_index].at<unsigned char>(row_index, col_index) = 255;
1283  mask_maps[dist_map_index] (col_index, row_index) = 255;
1284  }
1285  }
1286  }
1287 
1288  DistanceMap distance_maps[8];
1289  for (int map_index = 0; map_index < 8; ++map_index)
1290  computeDistanceMap (mask_maps[map_index], distance_maps[map_index]);
1291 
1292  DistanceMap mask_distance_maps;
1293  computeDistanceMap (mask, mask_distance_maps);
1294 
1295  std::list<Candidate> list1;
1296  std::list<Candidate> list2;
1297 
1298  float weights[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
1299 
1300  constexpr std::size_t off = 4;
1301  for (std::size_t row_index = off; row_index < height-off; ++row_index)
1302  {
1303  for (std::size_t col_index = off; col_index < width-off; ++col_index)
1304  {
1305  if (mask (col_index, row_index) != 0)
1306  {
1307  //const unsigned char quantized_value = quantized_surface_normals_ (row_index, col_index);
1308  const unsigned char quantized_value = filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index);
1309 
1310  //const float nx = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_x;
1311  //const float ny = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_y;
1312  //const float nz = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_z;
1313 
1314  if (quantized_value != 0)// && !(std::isnan (nx) || std::isnan (ny) || std::isnan (nz)))
1315  {
1316  const int distance_map_index = map[quantized_value];
1317 
1318  //const float distance = distance_maps[distance_map_index].at<float> (row_index, col_index);
1319  const float distance = distance_maps[distance_map_index] (col_index, row_index);
1320  const float distance_to_border = mask_distance_maps (col_index, row_index);
1321 
1322  if (distance >= feature_distance_threshold_ && distance_to_border >= min_distance_to_border_)
1323  {
1324  Candidate candidate;
1325 
1326  candidate.distance = distance;
1327  candidate.x = col_index;
1328  candidate.y = row_index;
1329  candidate.bin_index = static_cast<unsigned char> (distance_map_index);
1330 
1331  list1.push_back (candidate);
1332 
1333  ++weights[distance_map_index];
1334  }
1335  }
1336  }
1337  }
1338  }
1339 
1340  for (auto iter = list1.begin (); iter != list1.end (); ++iter)
1341  iter->distance *= 1.0f / weights[iter->bin_index];
1342 
1343  list1.sort ();
1344 
1345  features.reserve (list1.size ());
1346  for (auto iter = list1.begin (); iter != list1.end (); ++iter)
1347  {
1348  QuantizedMultiModFeature feature;
1349 
1350  feature.x = static_cast<int> (iter->x);
1351  feature.y = static_cast<int> (iter->y);
1352  feature.modality_index = modality_index;
1353  feature.quantized_value = filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (iter->x, iter->y);
1354 
1355  features.push_back (feature);
1356  }
1357 }
1358 
1359 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1360 template <typename PointInT> void
1362 {
1363  const std::size_t width = input_->width;
1364  const std::size_t height = input_->height;
1365 
1366  quantized_surface_normals_.resize (width, height);
1367 
1368  for (std::size_t row_index = 0; row_index < height; ++row_index)
1369  {
1370  for (std::size_t col_index = 0; col_index < width; ++col_index)
1371  {
1372  const float normal_x = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_x;
1373  const float normal_y = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_y;
1374  const float normal_z = surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index).normal_z;
1375 
1376  if (std::isnan(normal_x) || std::isnan(normal_y) || std::isnan(normal_z) || normal_z > 0 || (normal_x == 0 && normal_y == 0))
1377  {
1378  quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) = 0;
1379  continue;
1380  }
1381 
1382  //quantized_surface_normals_.data[row_index*width+col_index] =
1383  // normal_lookup_(normal_x, normal_y, normal_z);
1384 
1385  float angle = 11.25f + std::atan2 (normal_y, normal_x)*180.0f/3.14f;
1386 
1387  if (angle < 0.0f) angle += 360.0f;
1388  if (angle >= 360.0f) angle -= 360.0f;
1389 
1390  int bin_index = static_cast<int> (angle*8.0f/360.0f + 1);
1391  bin_index = (bin_index < 1) ? 1 : (8 < bin_index) ? 8 : bin_index;
1392 
1393  //quantized_surface_normals_.data[row_index*width+col_index] = 0x1 << bin_index;
1394  quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) = static_cast<unsigned char> (bin_index);
1395  }
1396  }
1397 
1398  return;
1399 }
1400 
1401 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1402 template <typename PointInT> void
1404 {
1405  const int width = input_->width;
1406  const int height = input_->height;
1407 
1408  filtered_quantized_surface_normals_.resize (width, height);
1409 
1410  //for (int row_index = 2; row_index < height-2; ++row_index)
1411  //{
1412  // for (int col_index = 2; col_index < width-2; ++col_index)
1413  // {
1414  // std::list<unsigned char> values;
1415  // values.reserve (25);
1416 
1417  // unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index-2)*width+col_index-2;
1418  // values.push_back (dataPtr[0]);
1419  // values.push_back (dataPtr[1]);
1420  // values.push_back (dataPtr[2]);
1421  // values.push_back (dataPtr[3]);
1422  // values.push_back (dataPtr[4]);
1423  // dataPtr += width;
1424  // values.push_back (dataPtr[0]);
1425  // values.push_back (dataPtr[1]);
1426  // values.push_back (dataPtr[2]);
1427  // values.push_back (dataPtr[3]);
1428  // values.push_back (dataPtr[4]);
1429  // dataPtr += width;
1430  // values.push_back (dataPtr[0]);
1431  // values.push_back (dataPtr[1]);
1432  // values.push_back (dataPtr[2]);
1433  // values.push_back (dataPtr[3]);
1434  // values.push_back (dataPtr[4]);
1435  // dataPtr += width;
1436  // values.push_back (dataPtr[0]);
1437  // values.push_back (dataPtr[1]);
1438  // values.push_back (dataPtr[2]);
1439  // values.push_back (dataPtr[3]);
1440  // values.push_back (dataPtr[4]);
1441  // dataPtr += width;
1442  // values.push_back (dataPtr[0]);
1443  // values.push_back (dataPtr[1]);
1444  // values.push_back (dataPtr[2]);
1445  // values.push_back (dataPtr[3]);
1446  // values.push_back (dataPtr[4]);
1447 
1448  // values.sort ();
1449 
1450  // filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) = values[12];
1451  // }
1452  //}
1453 
1454 
1455  //for (int row_index = 2; row_index < height-2; ++row_index)
1456  //{
1457  // for (int col_index = 2; col_index < width-2; ++col_index)
1458  // {
1459  // filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) = static_cast<unsigned char> (0x1 << (quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) - 1));
1460  // }
1461  //}
1462 
1463 
1464  // filter data
1465  for (int row_index = 2; row_index < height-2; ++row_index)
1466  {
1467  for (int col_index = 2; col_index < width-2; ++col_index)
1468  {
1469  unsigned char histogram[9] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
1470 
1471  //{
1472  // unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index-1)*width+col_index-1;
1473  // ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1474  // ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1475  // ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1476  //}
1477  //{
1478  // unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + row_index*width+col_index-1;
1479  // ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1480  // ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1481  // ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1482  //}
1483  //{
1484  // unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index+1)*width+col_index-1;
1485  // ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1486  // ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1487  // ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1488  //}
1489 
1490  {
1491  unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index-2)*width+col_index-2;
1492  ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1493  ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1494  ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1495  ++histogram[dataPtr[3]];
1496  ++histogram[dataPtr[4]];
1497  }
1498  {
1499  unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index-1)*width+col_index-2;
1500  ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1501  ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1502  ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1503  ++histogram[dataPtr[3]];
1504  ++histogram[dataPtr[4]];
1505  }
1506  {
1507  unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index)*width+col_index-2;
1508  ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1509  ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1510  ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1511  ++histogram[dataPtr[3]];
1512  ++histogram[dataPtr[4]];
1513  }
1514  {
1515  unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index+1)*width+col_index-2;
1516  ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1517  ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1518  ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1519  ++histogram[dataPtr[3]];
1520  ++histogram[dataPtr[4]];
1521  }
1522  {
1523  unsigned char * dataPtr = quantized_surface_normals_.getData () + (row_index+2)*width+col_index-2;
1524  ++histogram[dataPtr[0]];
1525  ++histogram[dataPtr[1]];
1526  ++histogram[dataPtr[2]];
1527  ++histogram[dataPtr[3]];
1528  ++histogram[dataPtr[4]];
1529  }
1530 
1531 
1532  unsigned char max_hist_value = 0;
1533  int max_hist_index = -1;
1534 
1535  if (max_hist_value < histogram[1]) {max_hist_index = 0; max_hist_value = histogram[1];}
1536  if (max_hist_value < histogram[2]) {max_hist_index = 1; max_hist_value = histogram[2];}
1537  if (max_hist_value < histogram[3]) {max_hist_index = 2; max_hist_value = histogram[3];}
1538  if (max_hist_value < histogram[4]) {max_hist_index = 3; max_hist_value = histogram[4];}
1539  if (max_hist_value < histogram[5]) {max_hist_index = 4; max_hist_value = histogram[5];}
1540  if (max_hist_value < histogram[6]) {max_hist_index = 5; max_hist_value = histogram[6];}
1541  if (max_hist_value < histogram[7]) {max_hist_index = 6; max_hist_value = histogram[7];}
1542  if (max_hist_value < histogram[8]) {max_hist_index = 7; max_hist_value = histogram[8];}
1543 
1544  if (max_hist_index != -1 && max_hist_value >= 1)
1545  {
1546  filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) = static_cast<unsigned char> (0x1 << max_hist_index);
1547  }
1548  else
1549  {
1550  filtered_quantized_surface_normals_ (col_index, row_index) = 0;
1551  }
1552 
1553  //filtered_quantized_color_gradients_.data[row_index*width+col_index] = quantized_color_gradients_.data[row_index*width+col_index];
1554  }
1555  }
1556 
1557 
1558 
1559  //cv::Mat data1(quantized_surface_normals_.height, quantized_surface_normals_.width, CV_8U, quantized_surface_normals_.data);
1560  //cv::Mat data2(filtered_quantized_surface_normals_.height, filtered_quantized_surface_normals_.width, CV_8U, filtered_quantized_surface_normals_.data);
1561 
1562  //cv::medianBlur(data1, data2, 3);
1563 
1564  //for (int row_index = 0; row_index < height; ++row_index)
1565  //{
1566  // for (int col_index = 0; col_index < width; ++col_index)
1567  // {
1568  // filtered_quantized_surface_normals_.data[row_index*width+col_index] = 0x1 << filtered_quantized_surface_normals_.data[row_index*width+col_index];
1569  // }
1570  //}
1571 }
1572 
1573 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1574 template <typename PointInT> void
1576 {
1577  const std::size_t width = input.getWidth ();
1578  const std::size_t height = input.getHeight ();
1579 
1580  output.resize (width, height);
1581 
1582  // compute distance map
1583  //float *distance_map = new float[input_->size ()];
1584  const unsigned char * mask_map = input.getData ();
1585  float * distance_map = output.getData ();
1586  for (std::size_t index = 0; index < width*height; ++index)
1587  {
1588  if (mask_map[index] == 0)
1589  distance_map[index] = 0.0f;
1590  else
1591  distance_map[index] = static_cast<float> (width + height);
1592  }
1593 
1594  // first pass
1595  float * previous_row = distance_map;
1596  float * current_row = previous_row + width;
1597  for (std::size_t ri = 1; ri < height; ++ri)
1598  {
1599  for (std::size_t ci = 1; ci < width; ++ci)
1600  {
1601  const float up_left = previous_row [ci - 1] + 1.4f; //distance_map[(ri-1)*input_->width + ci-1] + 1.4f;
1602  const float up = previous_row [ci] + 1.0f; //distance_map[(ri-1)*input_->width + ci] + 1.0f;
1603  const float up_right = previous_row [ci + 1] + 1.4f; //distance_map[(ri-1)*input_->width + ci+1] + 1.4f;
1604  const float left = current_row [ci - 1] + 1.0f; //distance_map[ri*input_->width + ci-1] + 1.0f;
1605  const float center = current_row [ci]; //distance_map[ri*input_->width + ci];
1606 
1607  const float min_value = std::min (std::min (up_left, up), std::min (left, up_right));
1608 
1609  if (min_value < center)
1610  current_row[ci] = min_value; //distance_map[ri * input_->width + ci] = min_value;
1611  }
1612  previous_row = current_row;
1613  current_row += width;
1614  }
1615 
1616  // second pass
1617  float * next_row = distance_map + width * (height - 1);
1618  current_row = next_row - width;
1619  for (int ri = static_cast<int> (height)-2; ri >= 0; --ri)
1620  {
1621  for (int ci = static_cast<int> (width)-2; ci >= 0; --ci)
1622  {
1623  const float lower_left = next_row [ci - 1] + 1.4f; //distance_map[(ri+1)*input_->width + ci-1] + 1.4f;
1624  const float lower = next_row [ci] + 1.0f; //distance_map[(ri+1)*input_->width + ci] + 1.0f;
1625  const float lower_right = next_row [ci + 1] + 1.4f; //distance_map[(ri+1)*input_->width + ci+1] + 1.4f;
1626  const float right = current_row [ci + 1] + 1.0f; //distance_map[ri*input_->width + ci+1] + 1.0f;
1627  const float center = current_row [ci]; //distance_map[ri*input_->width + ci];
1628 
1629  const float min_value = std::min (std::min (lower_left, lower), std::min (right, lower_right));
1630 
1631  if (min_value < center)
1632  current_row[ci] = min_value; //distance_map[ri*input_->width + ci] = min_value;
1633  }
1634  next_row = current_row;
1635  current_row -= width;
1636  }
1637 }
Represents a distance map obtained from a distance transformation.
Definition: distance_map.h:47
float * getData()
Returns a pointer to the beginning of map.
Definition: distance_map.h:70
void resize(const std::size_t width, const std::size_t height)
Resizes the map to the specified size.
Definition: distance_map.h:80
void compute(PointCloudOut &output)
Base method for feature estimation for all points given in <setInputCloud (), setIndices ()> using th...
Definition: feature.hpp:194
Surface normal estimation on dense data using a least-squares estimation based on a first-order Taylo...
void setNormalSmoothingSize(float normal_smoothing_size)
Set the normal smoothing size.
void setInputCloud(const typename PointCloudIn::ConstPtr &cloud) override
Provide a pointer to the input dataset (overwrites the PCLBase::setInputCloud method)
void setMaxDepthChangeFactor(float max_depth_change_factor)
The depth change threshold for computing object borders.
void setDepthDependentSmoothing(bool use_depth_dependent_smoothing)
Set whether to use depth depending smoothing or not.
std::size_t getWidth() const
Definition: mask_map.h:57
unsigned char * getData()
Definition: mask_map.h:69
void resize(std::size_t width, std::size_t height)
std::size_t getHeight() const
Definition: mask_map.h:63
PCL base class.
Definition: pcl_base.h:70
PointCloudConstPtr input_
The input point cloud dataset.
Definition: pcl_base.h:147
std::vector< PointT, Eigen::aligned_allocator< PointT > > VectorType
Definition: point_cloud.h:411
shared_ptr< const PointCloud< PointInT > > ConstPtr
Definition: point_cloud.h:414
Interface for a quantizable modality.
static void spreadQuantizedMap(const QuantizedMap &input_map, QuantizedMap &output_map, std::size_t spreading_size)
Modality based on surface normals.
void computeSurfaceNormals()
Computes the surface normals from the input cloud.
void computeAndQuantizeSurfaceNormals()
Computes and quantizes the surface normals.
void setSpreadingSize(const std::size_t spreading_size)
Sets the spreading size.
const pcl::PointCloud< pcl::Normal > & getSurfaceNormals() const
Returns the surface normals.
void computeAndQuantizeSurfaceNormals2()
Computes and quantizes the surface normals.
virtual void processInputData()
Processes the input data (smoothing, computing gradients, quantizing, filtering, spreading).
~SurfaceNormalModality() override
Destructor.
virtual void processInputDataFromFiltered()
Processes the input data assuming that everything up to filtering is already done/available (so only ...
QuantizedMap & getSpreadedQuantizedMap() override
Returns a reference to the internal spread quantized map.
void quantizeSurfaceNormals()
Quantizes the surface normals.
void setInputCloud(const typename PointCloudIn::ConstPtr &cloud) override
Provide a pointer to the input dataset (overwrites the PCLBase::setInputCloud method)
QuantizedMap & getQuantizedMap() override
Returns a reference to the internal quantized map.
void extractAllFeatures(const MaskMap &mask, std::size_t nr_features, std::size_t modality_index, std::vector< QuantizedMultiModFeature > &features) const override
Extracts all possible features from the modality within the specified mask.
void computeDistanceMap(const MaskMap &input, DistanceMap &output) const
Computes a distance map from the supplied input mask.
pcl::PointCloud< pcl::Normal > & getSurfaceNormals()
Returns the surface normals.
LINEMOD_OrientationMap & getOrientationMap()
Returns a reference to the orientation map.
void setVariableFeatureNr(const bool enabled)
Enables/disables the use of extracting a variable number of features.
void filterQuantizedSurfaceNormals()
Filters the quantized surface normals.
void extractFeatures(const MaskMap &mask, std::size_t nr_features, std::size_t modality_index, std::vector< QuantizedMultiModFeature > &features) const override
Extracts features from this modality within the specified mask.
Defines all the PCL implemented PointT point type structures.
float distance(const PointT &p1, const PointT &p2)
Definition: geometry.h:60
#define PCL_EXPORTS
Definition: pcl_macros.h:323
#define M_PI
Definition: pcl_macros.h:201
Map that stores orientations.
std::size_t getWidth() const
Returns the width of the modality data map.
std::size_t getHeight() const
Returns the height of the modality data map.
~LINEMOD_OrientationMap()=default
Destructor.
void resize(const std::size_t width, const std::size_t height, const float value)
Resizes the map to the specific width and height and initializes all new elements with the specified ...
A point structure representing normal coordinates and the surface curvature estimate.
A point structure representing Euclidean xyz coordinates.
Feature that defines a position and quantized value in a specific modality.
std::size_t modality_index
the index of the corresponding modality.
unsigned char quantized_value
the quantized value attached to the feature.
Look-up-table for fast surface normal quantization.
int size_y
The size of the LUT in y-direction.
void initializeLUT(const int range_x_arg, const int range_y_arg, const int range_z_arg)
Initializes the LUT.
int size_x
The size of the LUT in x-direction.
unsigned char operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z) const
Operator to access an element in the LUT.
int range_y
The range of the LUT in y-direction.
int offset_x
The offset in x-direction.
unsigned char * lut
The LUT data.
int offset_z
The offset in z-direction.
int range_z
The range of the LUT in z-direction.
int size_z
The size of the LUT in z-direction.
int range_x
The range of the LUT in x-direction.
int offset_y
The offset in y-direction.
Candidate for a feature (used in feature extraction methods).
float distance
Distance to the next different quantized value.
std::size_t x
x-position of the feature.
std::size_t y
y-position of the feature.
bool operator<(const Candidate &rhs) const
Compares two candidates based on their distance to the next different quantized value.