ia_ransac.h

/*
 * Software License Agreement (BSD License)
 *
 *  Point Cloud Library (PCL) - www.pointclouds.org
 *  Copyright (c) 2010-2012, Willow Garage, Inc.
 *  Copyright (c) 2012-, Open Perception, Inc.
 *
 *  All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 *  are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *     with the distribution.
 *   * Neither the name of the copyright holder(s) nor the names of its
 *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 *  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 *  LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 *  FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 *  COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 *  INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 *  BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 *  LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 *  CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 *  LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
 *  ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 *  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $Id$
 *
 */
 
#pragma once
 
#include <pcl/registration/registration.h>
#include <pcl/registration/transformation_estimation_svd.h>
#include <pcl/memory.h>
 
namespace pcl {
/** \brief @b SampleConsensusInitialAlignment is an implementation of the initial
 * alignment algorithm described in section IV of "Fast Point Feature Histograms (FPFH)
 * for 3D Registration," Rusu et al. \author Michael Dixon, Radu B. Rusu
 * \ingroup registration
 */
template <typename PointSource, typename PointTarget, typename FeatureT>
class SampleConsensusInitialAlignment : public Registration<PointSource, PointTarget> {
public:
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::reg_name_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::input_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::indices_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::target_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::final_transformation_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::transformation_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::corr_dist_threshold_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::min_number_correspondences_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::max_iterations_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::tree_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::transformation_estimation_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::converged_;
  using Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::getClassName;
 
  using PointCloudSource =
      typename Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::PointCloudSource;
  using PointCloudSourcePtr = typename PointCloudSource::Ptr;
  using PointCloudSourceConstPtr = typename PointCloudSource::ConstPtr;
 
  using PointCloudTarget =
      typename Registration<PointSource, PointTarget>::PointCloudTarget;
 
  using PointIndicesPtr = PointIndices::Ptr;
  using PointIndicesConstPtr = PointIndices::ConstPtr;
 
  using FeatureCloud = pcl::PointCloud<FeatureT>;
  using FeatureCloudPtr = typename FeatureCloud::Ptr;
  using FeatureCloudConstPtr = typename FeatureCloud::ConstPtr;
 
  using Ptr =
      shared_ptr<SampleConsensusInitialAlignment<PointSource, PointTarget, FeatureT>>;
  using ConstPtr = shared_ptr<
      const SampleConsensusInitialAlignment<PointSource, PointTarget, FeatureT>>;
 
  class ErrorFunctor {
  public:
    using Ptr = shared_ptr<ErrorFunctor>;
    using ConstPtr = shared_ptr<const ErrorFunctor>;
 
    virtual ~ErrorFunctor() = default;
    virtual float
    operator()(float d) const = 0;
  };
 
  class HuberPenalty : public ErrorFunctor {
  private:
    HuberPenalty() = default;
 
  public:
    HuberPenalty(float threshold) : threshold_(threshold) {}
    float
    operator()(float e) const override
    {
      if (e <= threshold_)
        return (0.5 * e * e);
      return (0.5 * threshold_ * (2.0 * std::fabs(e) - threshold_));
    }
 
  protected:
    float threshold_{0.0f};
  };
 
  class TruncatedError : public ErrorFunctor {
  private:
    TruncatedError() = default;
 
  public:
    ~TruncatedError() override = default;
 
    TruncatedError(float threshold) : threshold_(threshold) {}
    float
    operator()(float e) const override
    {
      if (e <= threshold_)
        return (e / threshold_);
      return (1.0);
    }
 
  protected:
    float threshold_{0.0f};
  };
 
  using ErrorFunctorPtr = typename ErrorFunctor::Ptr;
 
  using FeatureKdTreePtr = typename KdTreeFLANN<FeatureT>::Ptr;
  /** \brief Constructor. */
  SampleConsensusInitialAlignment()
  : input_features_()
  , target_features_()
  , feature_tree_(new pcl::KdTreeFLANN<FeatureT>)
  , error_functor_()
  {
    reg_name_ = "SampleConsensusInitialAlignment";
    max_iterations_ = 1000;
 
    // Setting a non-std::numeric_limits<double>::max () value to corr_dist_threshold_
    // to make it play nicely with TruncatedError
    corr_dist_threshold_ = 100.0f;
    transformation_estimation_.reset(
        new pcl::registration::TransformationEstimationSVD<PointSource, PointTarget>);
  };
 
  /** \brief Provide a shared pointer to the source point cloud's feature descriptors
   * \param features the source point cloud's features
   */
  void
  setSourceFeatures(const FeatureCloudConstPtr& features);
 
  /** \brief Get a pointer to the source point cloud's features */
  inline FeatureCloudConstPtr const
  getSourceFeatures()
  {
    return (input_features_);
  }
 
  /** \brief Provide a shared pointer to the target point cloud's feature descriptors
   * \param features the target point cloud's features
   */
  void
  setTargetFeatures(const FeatureCloudConstPtr& features);
 
  /** \brief Get a pointer to the target point cloud's features */
  inline FeatureCloudConstPtr const
  getTargetFeatures()
  {
    return (target_features_);
  }
 
  /** \brief Set the minimum distances between samples
   * \param min_sample_distance the minimum distances between samples
   */
  void
  setMinSampleDistance(float min_sample_distance)
  {
    min_sample_distance_ = min_sample_distance;
  }
 
  /** \brief Get the minimum distances between samples, as set by the user */
  float
  getMinSampleDistance()
  {
    return (min_sample_distance_);
  }
 
  /** \brief Set the number of samples to use during each iteration
   * \param nr_samples the number of samples to use during each iteration
   */
  void
  setNumberOfSamples(int nr_samples)
  {
    nr_samples_ = nr_samples;
  }
 
  /** \brief Get the number of samples to use during each iteration, as set by the user
   */
  int
  getNumberOfSamples()
  {
    return (nr_samples_);
  }
 
  /** \brief Set the number of neighbors to use when selecting a random feature
   * correspondence.  A higher value will add more randomness to the feature matching.
   * \param k the number of neighbors to use when selecting a random feature
   * correspondence.
   */
  void
  setCorrespondenceRandomness(int k)
  {
    k_correspondences_ = k;
  }
 
  /** \brief Get the number of neighbors used when selecting a random feature
   * correspondence, as set by the user */
  int
  getCorrespondenceRandomness()
  {
    return (k_correspondences_);
  }
 
  /** \brief Specify the error function to minimize
   * \note This call is optional.  TruncatedError will be used by default
   * \param[in] error_functor a shared pointer to a subclass of
   * SampleConsensusInitialAlignment::ErrorFunctor
   */
  void
  setErrorFunction(const ErrorFunctorPtr& error_functor)
  {
    error_functor_ = error_functor;
  }
 
  /** \brief Get a shared pointer to the ErrorFunctor that is to be minimized
   * \return A shared pointer to a subclass of
   * SampleConsensusInitialAlignment::ErrorFunctor
   */
  ErrorFunctorPtr
  getErrorFunction()
  {
    return (error_functor_);
  }
 
protected:
  /** \brief Choose a random index between 0 and n-1
   * \param n the number of possible indices to choose from
   */
  inline pcl::index_t
  getRandomIndex(int n)
  {
    return (static_cast<pcl::index_t>(n * (rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0))));
  };
 
  /** \brief Select \a nr_samples sample points from cloud while making sure that their
   * pairwise distances are greater than a user-defined minimum distance, \a
   * min_sample_distance. \param cloud the input point cloud \param nr_samples the
   * number of samples to select \param min_sample_distance the minimum distance between
   * any two samples \param sample_indices the resulting sample indices
   */
  void
  selectSamples(const PointCloudSource& cloud,
                unsigned int nr_samples,
                float min_sample_distance,
                pcl::Indices& sample_indices);
 
  /** \brief For each of the sample points, find a list of points in the target cloud
   * whose features are similar to the sample points' features. From these, select one
   * randomly which will be considered that sample point's correspondence. \param
   * input_features a cloud of feature descriptors \param sample_indices the indices of
   * each sample point \param corresponding_indices the resulting indices of each
   * sample's corresponding point in the target cloud
   */
  void
  findSimilarFeatures(const FeatureCloud& input_features,
                      const pcl::Indices& sample_indices,
                      pcl::Indices& corresponding_indices);
 
  /** \brief An error metric for that computes the quality of the alignment between the
   * given cloud and the target. \param cloud the input cloud \param threshold distances
   * greater than this value are capped
   */
  float
  computeErrorMetric(const PointCloudSource& cloud, float threshold);
 
  /** \brief Rigid transformation computation method.
   * \param output the transformed input point cloud dataset using the rigid
   * transformation found \param guess The computed transforamtion
   */
  void
  computeTransformation(PointCloudSource& output,
                        const Eigen::Matrix4f& guess) override;
 
  /** \brief The source point cloud's feature descriptors. */
  FeatureCloudConstPtr input_features_;
 
  /** \brief The target point cloud's feature descriptors. */
  FeatureCloudConstPtr target_features_;
 
  /** \brief The number of samples to use during each iteration. */
  int nr_samples_{3};
 
  /** \brief The minimum distances between samples. */
  float min_sample_distance_{0.0f};
 
  /** \brief The number of neighbors to use when selecting a random feature
   * correspondence. */
  int k_correspondences_{10};
 
  /** \brief The KdTree used to compare feature descriptors. */
  FeatureKdTreePtr feature_tree_;
 
  ErrorFunctorPtr error_functor_;
 
public:
  PCL_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW
};
} // namespace pcl
 
#include <pcl/registration/impl/ia_ransac.hpp>